2025 Mobile Development Architecture Evolution: Layering, Decoupling, and AI Synergy
As we stand at the threshold of 2025, cross-platform mobile technology is no longer a discussion of "can it be used," but rather "which is more suitable for the business scenario." With the widespread adoption of the React Native New Architecture, Flutter's shift towards underlying rendering engine optimization, and the closure of the logic-sharing loop with Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP), developers have more choices than ever before.
This article objectively organizes the current status and best practices of these four solutions based on GitHub activity, official 2025 roadmaps, and real-world selection cases from mainstream enterprises, complete with detailed architectural logic diagrams.
1. React Native: Entering the Age of "JSI + Fabric"
React Native officially enabled the "New Architecture" by default in version 0.76 released in late 2024. This marks the end of the "Bridge execution efficiency" problem that plagued developers for years.
2025 Core Status:
- JSI (JavaScript Interface): Completely replaces the asynchronous Bridge, allowing JS to call native C++ objects directly and synchronously.
- Fabric Renderer: Implements Concurrent Rendering, achieving animation smoothness that rivals native applications.
- React Compiler: Automatic Memoization reduces unnecessary re-renders.
2. Flutter: Total Victory for Impeller and Wasm
Google's positioning of Flutter in 2025 is clearer: an ultimate performance cross-platform rendering engine.
2025 Core Status:
- Impeller Rendering Engine: Solves shader compilation jank on iOS and modern Android.
- Stable Wasm Support: Flutter Web rendering speed is 2-3 times faster compared to pure JS compilation.
- AI-First: The official roadmap clearly integrates AI deeply into the development workflow.
3. Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP): The Optimal Solution for Shared Logic
After KMP became stable in late 2024, the stable version of Compose Multiplatform for iOS was released in May 2025, completing the final piece of the puzzle.
2025 Core Status:
- Compose Multiplatform for iOS Stable: Developers can write UI for both Android and iOS with a single codebase.
- Deep Google Backing: Multiple Jetpack libraries natively support KMP.
4. Native (Swift/Kotlin): The Evergreen Gold Standard
When business requirements demand extreme interaction, hardware calls, or system-level integration, pure native development remains the only answer.
5. Indie Developer Efficiency: New Variables under AI
AI-assisted programming (e.g., Cursor, Copilot) has profoundly changed the selection logic for developers.
| Scenario | Choice Without AI | Advice With AI |
|---|---|---|
| Rapid MVP Prototype | Flutter | React Native + Expo |
| Extreme App Size | KMP | Native |
6. Deep Dive into 2025 Best Architecture Practices
Choosing the right framework is just the first step; how you organize your code determines the application's lifecycle.
6.1 React Native: Feature-First + Dual-State Management
- Feature-First: Directory division by business modules (e.g.,
auth,feed,payment). - Zustand + TanStack Query: Clearly distinguish between "Local UI State" and "Server Sync State."
6.2 Flutter: Clean Architecture + DDD
- Riverpod: Utilize
AsyncNotifierto handle asynchronous streams. - Freezed: Ensure models are immutable for easier AI generation and debugging.
6.3 KMP: Modularized Clean Architecture
- Platform Agnostic: Keep business logic strictly in
commonMain. - Logic over UI: While Compose for iOS is stable, many teams still prefer native UI with KMP logic.
6.4 Native: Modern Declarative UI + Unidirectional Data Flow
- SwiftUI/Compose: Embrace declarative UI for 2x faster development than Imperative UI.
- Modern Observables: Move away from complex Combine/RxJava to native state observation.
Summary
In 2025, there is no "best" framework, only the "most suitable" one.
- Choose React Native if you value ecosystem speed and AI-friendly development.
- Choose Flutter for high-performance, pixel-perfect UI.
- Choose KMP to maintain native performance while sharing core logic.
- Choose Native for system-level depth and uncompromising quality.